Cornell Researchers Have Discovered a New Extremely Frequent Subtype of Prostate Cancer

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A novel and very common form of prostate cancer

A new study by experts at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSK) and Weill Cornell Medicine reveals that around 30 percent of hormone-resistant prostate cancer patients include a previously undiscovered subtype. Recent publication of the paper in the journal Science. This finding may allow individuals with this kind of prostate cancer to get tailored treatments.

Before this current study, which was headed by Yu Chen, only two kinds of prostate cancer had been identified: androgen-dependent and neuroendocrine. Dr. Chen is an MSK physician-scientist, an associate professor at Cornell, and a member of the Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program. Dr. Chen's team has dubbed the newly detected third subtype of prostate cancer stem cell-like because several of the genes that are activated in the cells are comparable to those in stem cells (SCL).

Dr. Chen and his colleagues examined forty unique prostate cancer models taken from patients who had cancer therapy at MSK and Weill Cornell in order to achieve their findings.

Dr. Chen states, "We did not know if we would discover further subcategories." "This is a subject that has been examined for many years by several researchers. Thus, we were both pleased and shocked to discover that there is a sizable population of individuals with unclassified tumors."

Innovative technology make possible new insights.


Using these patient-derived organoids as a launching point, they could then identify whether genes in the cells are active or dormant. Using this information, the researchers determined the presence of a novel subtype of prostate cancer.

Next, they investigated whether the SCL subtype was present in 366 prostate cancer tumors from a biobank. It was. In fact, it was the second most common kind, behind the androgen-sensitive type.

Understanding the molecular causes of this prevalent subtype of prostate cancer opens the way to drug-targeting strategies.

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Permitting new treatment choices

"For the last 80 years, hormone-deprivation therapy has been the cornerstone of prostate cancer treatment," adds Dr. Chen. Because almost all prostate tumors rely on testosterone signaling when they are initially identified.

"Once patients develop antigen deprivation resistance," he writes, "the condition becomes invariably fatal."

Here, the new discoveries may aid to enhance therapy choices. The scientists discovered that experimental medications now being tried on people may inhibit the development of the SCL subtype in animal and laboratory models. They are now collaborating with a number of pharmaceutical firms to create a clinical study for this subtype of prostate cancer.

National Institutes of Health (grants P30CA008748, P50CA221745, P50CA211024, R37CA241486, R37CA241486-02, U54CA224079, U01CA224044, R01CA193837, R01CA208100, U01CA252048, R01CA228216, DP2CA174499, and R01CA218668); Department of Defense (W81XWH-17-1-0653); Dr. Chen owns a stake in ORIC Pharmaceuticals and earns royalties.

"Chromatin profiles classify castration-resistant prostate cancers and suggest therapeutic targets" was written by Fanying Tang, Duo Xu, Shangqian Wang, Chen Khuan Wong, Alexander Martinez-Fundichely, Cindy J. Lee, Sandra Cohen, Jane Park, Corinne E. Hill, Kenneth Eng, Rohan Bareja, Teng Han, Eric Minwei Liu, Ann Palladino, Wei Di, Dong Gao, Wassim A

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